Jaw crusher



March 15, 1949. s. w. TRAYLOR, J?!

JA-W CRUSHER 1O Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 1, 1945 March 15, 1949.

. s. w. TRAYLOR, JR 2,464,732

J AW CRUSHER l0 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 1} 1945 INVENTOR.

S. W. TRAYLOR, JR

JAW CRUSHER March 15, I949.

10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May 1, 1945 March 15, 1949.

S. W. TRAYLOR, JR

J AW CRUSHER 1O Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed May 1, 1945 s. w. TRAYLOR; JR 2,464,732

March 15, 1949.

J AW CRUSHER 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed May 1, 1945 March 15, 1949. I s, w, L JR v 2,464,732

JAW CRUSHER Filed May 1, 1945 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Elm/0mm SamueZWFaz bnJ:

Patented Mar. 15, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JAW CRUSHER Samuel W. Traylor, J r., Allentown, Pa.

Application May 1, 1945, Serial No. 591,342

This invention relates to crushers of the type comprising cooperating jaws of which at least one is movable relative to the other on a horizontal axis extending transversely to the direction of jaw movement, the jaws defining a downwardly tapering crushing space between them. This type is exemplified by crushers employing a gyratory roll, herein considered a jaw, and by crushers employing a swing jaw, i. e., a jaw pivoted'on a fixed axis about which it is caused to oscillate.

A main object of the invention is to increase the-capacity ofthe stated type of crusher by providing for an efiicient lateral as well as end discharge from the crushing space. How these and other objects are attainable will be described with reference to illustrative embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a gyratory roll jaw crusher in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is an end view of the crusher of Figure 1 as seen from the left of the latter.

Figure 3 is a section substantially on line 3-3 of Figure 1 with the lower portion substantially on line 15-45 of Figure 7.

'Figure4 is a section substantially on line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a section of a portion of an annular pneumatic sealing member which appears in Figures 1 and 2, the section being taken along an arc of the member.

Figure 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a sectional elevation on a larger scale, with parts removed, of the left hand portion of the crusher of Figure 1, the roll being shown in section.

Figures 8 to are sections on the indicated lines of Figure '7.

Figure 16 is a iragmental sectional elevational view on an enlarged scale of the left hand side of the crusher on the same section line as-in Figure 4, particularly illustrating the longitudinal zone divisions of the crushing space.

Figure 17 is a section substantially on line illll of Figure 16 illustrating the transverse zone divisions of the crushing space.

Figure 18 is an end elevation of another form of gyratory roll crusher in accordance with the invention.

Figure 19 is a section substantially on line l9l9 of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a plan view of the crusher of Figures 18 and 19.

28 Claims. (01. 241-198) Figure 21 is a section substantially on line 2i-2l of Figure 20.

Figure 22 is a section, on a larger scale on line Z222 of Figure 20.

Figure 23 is a transverse section on an enlarged scale of an annular pneumatic sealing element which appears in Figures 18 to 20 and 22.

Figure 24 is an isometric view of a fixed jaw as used in the embodiment of Figure 18.

Figure 25 is a face view, on a larger scale of the jaw of Figure 24.

Figures 26 to 32 are sections taken on lines 26-26 and 3232 of Figure 21 and on lines equally spaced between the said lines.

Figure 33 is a plan view of a further form of roll crusher in accordance with the invention.

Figure 34 is a section on line 34-34 of Figure 33.

Figure 35 is a section on line 35-35 of Fig ure 33.

Figure 36 is a transverse vertical section, with parts removed, of a still further form of roll crusher in accordance with the invention.

Figure 37 is a plan view of a swing jaw crusher in accordance with the invention.

Figure 38 is a section on line 3838 of Figare 37.

Figure 39 is a section on line 3838 of the jaws only of the crusher of Figures 37 and 38.

Figures 40 to 47 are sections on the indicated lines of Figure 39.

Figure 48 is a section like that of Figure 39, but on an enlarged scale, and

Figure 49 is a section on line 49-49 of Figure 48 illustrating the transverse zone divisions of the crushing space.

Referring to the drawings and first to Figures 1 to 17, reference numeral fill designates a base frame which at its sides has opposite bearing blocks GI and 62 with horizontally aligned semicylindrical upper portions which receive bearings 63 and 6 3, the latter being retained by bearing caps 35 and 66 bolted to the blocks. Longitudinal movement of the bearings 63 and. 64 is prevented by ribs as at El, Figure 3, in the block and cap engaged in a peripheral groove of the bearing, and rotation of the bearings is prevent-- ed by keys as at 68, Figure 3.

Journalled in the bearings through the intermediary of bushings 69 and ill is a drive shaft H which has an eccentric central portion 12 on which is rotatable a roll core 13 through the intermediary of a bushing 14. Wear rings 15 and 16 are interposed between the ends of core 13 and bearings 63 and 64 respectively,

Core i3 is steeply conical on its axis and has wedged thereon a tire or face ii, the latter being retained in place by bolts '58 disposed in recesses parallel to the roll axis and having angular portions 19 engagin one side of the face. Face l! is provided with parallel identical peripheral grooves Bil and 8t, each groove, as here shown, being outwardly flared and substantially triangularly symmetrical with the apex rounded. The grooves are of constant section throughout.

To the left of the roll a pair of pedestals 32 and 83, Figure l, rises from the base at and are pierced at their upper ends parallel to the axis of the shaft H for the support of a shaft 85 which is secured in place by clamping sleeves and 81 engaged by nuts threaded on the reduced ends of the shaft. Pivoted on shaft 85 is a fixed or bottom jaw 83 which includes a downwardly extending web 89 from which parallel spacedapart jaw portions 9t and Eli project under the roll, terminating short of the vertical plane of thedrive shaft axis.

Reference numeral 92 designates a plunger slidable in a cylinder 83 rigid on the base with itsaxis substantially perpendicular to the vertical plane of drive shaft axis. A key carried by plunger 92 engages in a way in the cylinder wall to prevent rotation of the plunger. lrlunger has a reduced end 35 engaging a wear pad on the back of jaw web 8Q. Disposed between the other end of the plunger 32 and a backing plate 98 are anumber of dished plate springs ill. Member 96 is in turn backed by a slightly tapered wedge 98 which is driven between it and a key 99 which a extends through openings in opposite side walls of the cylinder 93. At the large end of the wedge, key 99 has a laterally projecting head H10. constituting a stop so that the wedge can be driven into position without carrying he key. In case of necessity, the wedge can be quickly driven out to-release plunger 92 and 38. Pivoted between ears as at tel on the back of 88 1518; rod 102 which extends through a split lug I03. A compression spring Hi l surrounds rod m2 beyond lug Hi3, one end of the spring engaging the lug and the other being engaged by an adjustablestop 595 on the rod extremity. Spring HM holds jaw 88' solidly against plunger 92.

Jaw 38: has a curved front surface iilli following the curve of the roll and, in the illustrated relation: of parts, surface t l-5 is arcuate substantially on the drive shaft center. Beyond Web 35, surface lilfi divides into surfaces 156a and i861) of jaw portions 91! and ti, Figure 3. The latter surfaces are provided centrally with longitudinally extending grooves It? and its which are continued upwardly into the solid portion of face Hi6 above the split between the jaw portions.

Referring to Figures 4, 7, and 8, reference numeral 39 designates a jaw face having a rear surface arcuate as the surface tilt lying thereagainst, the face having a central longitudinally extending rib its (Figure 8) engaged in the groove H3! and 'be'mg retained by colts in the manner shown in Figure 4. As here shown, and as indicated in Figure '7, the jaw face curves downwardly along and under the roll from above the horizontal to a point in advance of the vertical. Substantially downto the horizontal, and as indicated in Figure 8, the front surface of the jaw is transversely fiat. In Figure 9, a slight transverse convexity idea appears and this in creases in depth, while remaining of constant width, up to lililg at the jaw end, as shown r Figures 10 to 15. The face has a. base rim III which continues at a constant thickness and width throughout the length of the face. The transverse convexity is symmetrical and as here shown its section is that of a blunted triangle, flattening or rounding off somewhat to the rim thickness. As also shown in Figures 8 to 15, the roller groove 89 is flattened or rounded off somewhat at its margins. From Figures 9 to 15, it will be-seen thatth'e convexity; or rib, of't'he jaw face increasingly enters groove so that the crosssectional area of the space between the jaws progressively decreases. A crushing space is provided which tapers longitudinally throughout and which tapers laterally from the crest of the convexity or ribat each transverse section. The jaws are shownin open relation.

As an example of a suitable proportioning of partsin a roll crusher whose roll has a diameter of 36", the following may. be given:

Elie eccentricity of the. drive shaft is. /g'", giving a throw; The roll'grooVes-aBei-B deep with their side walls at 90- to each. other-anal, apex rounded on a 1 /2! radius. 'Iheflxedrjaw face extends from' 12 above horizonta-ldowm to; 11 in advance of vertical. The portion Hit. of the face has a constanirwidthof 8" and thiclc ness of 7;. The convexityor rib beg-inssub tantially at thehorizontal, increasinggto. a depth of 2 at the lower end of the face: at which; point the sides are at an angle of 104 to ea'oh, other with the apex rounded on a. somewhat smaller radius than the-roll groove.-. With the, rim Hi disposed on: the drive shaftaxis as. a center, there is aminimum spacing, intheclosedi position of the jaws, of between the. roll. periphery and the rimthroughout the length-oft the latter as the roll gyrates. The crest of the convexity or rib is arcuate on a radius of;

. from a point 2%" above and to the rig-ht'of the shaft axis. 7

With the. fixed jaw face: formed and disposed as just described, sections. thereof in vertical-i planes parallel to the drive, shaft axisshow a substantially constant angular-ity.

Jaw 88 carries another face lid which is identical. tothe face its and. extends along. jaw portion at in cooperative relation with the roll. groove. 8i. As indicated in. Figures 8 to. 11,. a space H3 is provided, throughoutbetween the. faces tiill and H2. InFigures l2tol5, reference numeral Htl designates the space betweenthe jaw portions St and 91. Each; face is thus open at its sides throughout its. length and is spaced at. its-lower end. from=the rollerv face. The escape of crushed. material isthus permitted at theisi'd'es; and at the ends of the crushing spaces.

Pedestals H3 andv Hit. on the opposite'side of the roll from the pedestals 83' and 84 support. a shaft H5 exactl like shaft 85. and. supporting a fixed jaw HE; the same 'asjaw '83 and. similarly including crushing faces of which one is shown at ll'l. Jaw H6 is spring-positioned in the same manner as jaw 88 and" itsfa'ces-c'o'v operate with the roll grooves opposite facesdilil and H2.

A wearing plate 1 I3 is fixed to thefront face of jaw 88 andformsa joint with-topmarginal portions of'f'aces" l fig an'd lil il': The plateaha s lateralwings l-lfi'andiiid, Figures ltand'i hpwhicln extend along the top sides of the roll face. witlr. slight clearance; A. similar. weaning plate; [1241" is similarly secured to jaw Hi5.

In Figure 1., reference: numeral L222 designates .-..a substantially rectangular plate secnrechtoi tops of pedestals 82, 83 and H3 and H4, the plate being provided with a rectangular opening above the roll and the opening being rimmed by flared plates to provide a hopper I23. Plates and I25, Figure 3, depend from the lateral edges of plate I22 and have bottom semicircular recesses which engage over caps 55 and 55 beyond end flanges of the caps. Also depending from plate I22 are plates I26 and I21 which have semicircular recesses receiving hub portions of core 13 with clearances allowing for the gyratory movement of the latter. a

Screwed to the end faces of core 13 are imperforate circular plates I28 and I29 from which imperforate cylindrical flanges I39 and L3H project outwardly coaxially with the roll. An imperforate flange I32 projects inwardly from flange I and at its inner end joins an annular transversely arched flange I33 which is coaxial with the roll. Flange I33 serves as a tire rim and engages a pneumatic tire I34 which has a cylindrical inner face slidingly engaging a cylindrical portion 63a of bearing 63. As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the rubber tire I34 has an inflating stem which in Figure 3 is shown as projecting'through an opening in the rim. On its outer periphery, the tire is provided with a number of spherical protuberances which mate with recesses in the underside of the rim to lock the latter and the tire against relative rotation. Referring to Fig-. ures 3 and 6, the cylindrical inner periphery of the tire is shown as being extended outwardly in a flange I31 which, in Figure 3, is in an annular recess formed in the block El and cap 55. The inner periphery is provided with a multiplicity of circumferential grooves I33 which form a multiplicity of pockets between the tire and bearing 63 spaced axially of the latter so that an effective seal is provided between the tire and the bearing.

The flange I3I through a flange I39 and a rim I40 carries a sealing tire I4I exactly like the tire I34 and cooperating with bearing 54. It will be evident that the tires and their supporting flanges provide a complete seal between the bearings 63 and 64 and the ends of the roll, the re. siliency of the sealing members constituted by the tires permitting the free gyratory movement of the roll relative to the bearings.

In Figure 3, reference numeral I42 designates an axial bore in shaft 1I terminating in the eccentric portion 12, radial bores I43 and connecting bore I42 with the bushing 15. The outer end of the bore I42 is tapped for engagement by a swivel coupling which is in connection with an oil pump, not shown. Oil supplied to the bushing 14 escapes at the ends of the eccentric portion 12 and is received in the pockets I44 and I45 defined by the sealing means above described, these pockets being drainable through the illustrated bottom openings which are ordinarily plugged. Reference numeral I45 designates a tube tapped in to the bottom of bearings 83 and projecting into the pocket I44. A tube I45 leads from an oil withdrawal pump and is tapped into the bottom of bearing 63 in connection with a duct I48 formed in the latter and leading to tube I46. The excess oil supplied to the roll is thus removable ingood condition since the sealing provisions prevent the entrance of dust into the pocket I 44. Similar oil removal provisions are in connection with the pocket I45.

Reference numeral I49, Figure 3, designates an oil supply pipe for bushing 69. At its outerend bearing-63 is internally annularly recessed-to equal in the closed relation of the jaws.

flange is omitted. An inflating stem I5I for the tube- I58 projects through an opening in the bearing. Member I59 forms a seal between the bearing and the outer end of shaft H and, consequently, excess oil has to flow into the pocket I44. outwardly of member I50 a ring I52 is tightly engaged with the shaft end, the ring having a peripheral groove which receives a ring 153 sealing with the inner wall of the bearing 63. A grease injecting opening I54 is provided in the bearing between members I58 and I53. Similar provisions are provided for the other end of shaft 1I and to this end is secured a drive pulley I55 which partially appears in Figures 1 to 3.

With shaft 1| being driven and crushable material, such as stone, being supplied to hopper l23, the crushing action proceeds in the manner illustrated in Figures 16 and 1'7.

Referring to Figure 16, reference letter M designates a crushing zone extending between lines I56 and I51. The jaws are considered to be in their maximum apart relation on each line and the dimension A at the upper end of zone M and the dimension B at the lower end thereof are each, consequently, at a maximum not actually simultaneously reached. These dimensions are distances between the bottom of the roll groove and the nearest point of the fixed jaw face. They remain constant in the normal operation of the crusher since the supporting springs 91 will only yield when uncrushable fragments are encountered.

The relation of A to B is such that in the closed position of the jaws, A becomes substantially equal to B. This means that a fragment caught at the top of zone M in the open relation of the jaws and reduced to the dimension B upon the closing of the jaws, can then drop to the bottom of the zone when maximum open position is'reached on line I51. Fragments reduced beyond the dimension 3 can move laterally due to the effect of the convexity of the fixed jaw face, and any pieces to size can, of course, escape laterally at once.

A second crushing zone N extends between line I51 and a line I58 and at its lower end has a dimension C to which E becomes substantially Since the cross-sectional area of zone N is decreasing from line I 51 to I58 the length of the zone is ordinarily greater than the length of zone M so that zone N can receive from zone M all r of the material which has not been laterally tion is taken, that is, between zones N and O, a

void I65 may exist at the crest of the fixed jaw and at one side of this void laterally progressive zones X, Y and Z are indicated, these zones having related volumetric capacities like those of zones M, N and O, i. e., each can contain all the material reaching it from a preceding zone.

The crushing zone may be thought of as having two general paths of flow, namely, a primary ends of opposed jaws.

7 bath extending substantially lon itudinally of the, crushing surface and secondary paths directed laterally into which the primary path mer es. Large pieces sufficiently crushed at .the

top of the crushing space, and pieces already small enough, immediately take the secondary path where they are crushed and discharged laterally. The decreasing longitudinal steepness; ofthe crushing space as it curves toward the horizontal is compensated for by the increasingsha fpness of the convexity of the bottom jaw face and, as is stated above, sections taken in vertical planes parallel to the drive shaftv axis of a fixed j-a-w face formed and disposed as described, will be substantially constant in angularity. The fixed jaw face exerts an increasing lateral discharge effect throughout the length of its. convexity. The face, of course, has no positive lateral discharge cheat in its flat portion above line I55, Figure 16.

With the described jaw arrangement rapid reduction of the material is effected for the main reason that material to size can escape at once, and is forced toescape, laterally throughout the length of the convexity. Material reaching thel-ower end of the fixed jaw face can freely fall in the space it! which exists between the lower This and the capacity QI- each zone to receive from a preceding zone all'of the material reaching it from the latter preelude any possibility of choking in normal operation. The same crushing action occurs between the roll and the other three fixed jaws and the capacity of the crusher can, of course, be increased as desired by increasing the number of roll grooves and cooperating jaws.

A somewhat simiplified form of roll crusher in accordance with the invention is illustrated in Figures 18 to 32. In these figures, reference numerals [62 and IE3 designate pedestals fixed on a base frame 554, the pedestals supporting hearings I65 and itt for a drive shaft 15'! having an-eccentric portion between the hearings on which a roll I68 is rotatable. In this case, the roll has an integral face provided with a peripheral groove E69.

'Apedestal no is bolted to the base and at its upper end supports a shaft iii parallel to the drive shaft axis on which is pivoted a jaw H2 which curves downwardly along and under the roll. The jaw includes an arcuate rim portion H52 and a convexity or rib 273 which increases downwardly in depth and steepness to its lower extremity, the convexity having a crest which is arcuate longitudinally. The jaw is provided at its lower end with a downward extension I'M constituted as a seat for one end of a compression, spring F55 whose other end seats against a block; H6 bolted to the frame, the spring holding the jaw in substantially constant position in normal operation. In the relation of parts particularly shown in Figure 21, the jaw rim H2 isdisposed substantially on the drive shaft axis as a center. The rib starts to enter the roll groove I69 at about the horizontal and increasingly enters the groove downwardly nearly to the vertical. Pedestal lie and block H6 may be bolted to the frame through slots in the latter which extend transversely of the roll axis and in this manner various adjustments may be obtained.

Reference numeral ii'l designates a jaw the same asjaw I12 and mounted in the same manner and in the same relation .to the opposite side of the, roll.

Refelience numeral 118 designates a housing or rectangular horizontal section having s d Wa ls. 115' and I80 adja e t the Side I E/ .85 D r011. Its-and provided with circular openin s i3]?- and 182 whi h receive hu portions f the roll. itheufficient. clearance to permit the free g-yraany movement ,of the latter. Fixed to the; hub portions of the roll outwardly of the side walls H9- and 180 are imperforate annular plates I33. and {8.4 which through imperforate annular flanges 185 :and l8,6 carry rims I81 and i881 which receive pneumatic sealing tubes H39 and I90. Referring to Figure 23, the tube i913: is shown as; having a. cylindrical flange is] and secured. to the-inner peripheries of the tube and flange are a. number of soft metal rings is: and 193 each formed of a mul ipli i y o separate segments set on the bias. The rings I92 and 3-S ding1Y n age an adjacent cylindricalv porticn being concentric with the drive shaft. alin member 189 is similarly associated with a cylindrical portion I95 of bearing L65. Dust proof pockets I96; and i9? are thus providedfor the joints between the roll and the bearings. Ball-bearing assemblies H18 and I99 are provided for takin axial thrust. The eccentric is at the bottom of its throw andFigure 22, in particular shows. how the upper portions! of the pneumatic seating members are bulged laterally whereas vthe lower portions are radially expanded to.

, maintain sealing contact with the rims.

Figures :26 to 3-2 illustrate the downwardly decreasing cross-sectional areas of the crushing space resulting from the downwardly increasing projection of the convexity H3 into the groove M59. The arrows in Figure 25 illustrate how the fed material starts down the fixed jaw firsti the longitudinal direction which, as the convexity increases, changes more and more to the lateral, some of the material continuing all the way down to drop over the lower end of the face.

In :Figures 33 to 3.5 the roll 2i!!! is the same as roll I68 in Figures 18 to 22. Reference numeral 2M designates a U-shaped jaw provided atone. side with ears. 202 and pierced to receive a pivot pin 2B3 supported at the upper end of a, pedestal,

Z04 parallel to the roll axis. At its other side jaw 2M has a horizontally projecting arm 205- shaft. axis, the convexity thus having a longis' tudinal section of crescent form. .In this case,

the entire dischar e of the crushed material.

from the crushing spaces is lateral. i

In Figure .36 the roll and body arrangement is the same as in Fi 8 to 22. However, it s here contemplated that the jaws may have. different adjustments relative to the roll so as to crush to difierent degrees of fineness. example, the crushed material delivered at one side of the roll may be fed to the other side for further reduction. In orderthat the materials may be kept separate, I provide above the rollwa hopper having separate feed passages 24.2 and 2,1 3 for the opposite sides of the roll .and directly below thegollrlnrovide vertical baiiie means 214 For which keeps separate the output at the jaw ends.

Figures 3'7 to 49 illustrate a swing jaw crusher in accordance with the invention. Reference numeral 2l5 designates a frame having an upright portion 216 backing a fixed jaw 25'! which.

will be considered to be the top jaw since it corresponds to the roll of the preceding embodiments. The jaw has a face which is longitudinally convex on an arc which is in a vertical plane and which curves from a point above the horizontal to a point below the horizontal, the face being provided with a longitudinal groove 2| 8 of constant angularity. Upright portions 2l'9 and 220 of frame US support a pin 22! on which is pivoted a swing jaw 222 which extends along the face of jaw 2H and constitutes a bottom jaw by analogy to the bottom jaws of the preceding embodiments. Jaw 222 has a transversely convex face starting adjacent the top of body 2H, the convexity increasing downwardly in depth and angularity and being increasingly received downwardly in the groove 2"! as clearly appears in Figures 40 to 48, the crest of the convexity or rib curving downwardly toward the horizontal more abruptly than the lower portion of the fixed jaw face. The jaw 222 is shown in open position, conventional toggle means of adjustable effect being shown in Figure 38 for oscillating the jaw.

It will be understood that the described embodiments are illustrative and that variations in the form and arrangement of parts beyond those shown are possible and are contemplated under the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. A crusher comprising a frame, a bottom jaw having unobstructed side edges supported by the frame and having an elongated face which is inclined lengthwise and has a transverse convexity which increases in depth from the upper to the lower end thereof and which is of substantially constant width, a top jaw having unobstructed side edges supported by the frame and having a crushing face similarly inclined and extending along and above the crushing face of the bottom' from a maximum dimension at the center, laterally to minimum dimensions at opposite unobstructed sides, whereby material may be reduced by successive movements longitudinally through the space from the upper to the lower end thereof and by successive movements transversely through the space from the center to the sides and discharged by endwise and sidewise movement, and means" for relatively moving the jaws toward and away'from each other.

2. A crusher comprising a frame, a bottom jaw having unobstructed side edges supported by the frame and having an elongated face which is disposed on a longitudinally concave upwardly facing curve and has a transverse convexity which increases in depth from the upper to the lower end thereof and which is of substantially constant width, a top jaw having unobstructed side edges supported by the frame and having a crushing face longitudinally convexly curved and extending along and above the crushing face of the bottom jaw, th face of said top jaw being transversely concaved to provide a longitudinal groove into which the convexity of the bottom jaw projects in progressively increasing amounts from the upper to the lower end thereof, said faces of the upper and lower jaws providing a crushing space of constantly decreasing dimension in the longitudinal central section from the upper to th lower end and, at all transverse sections, tapering from a maximum dimension at the center, laterally to minimum dimensions at opposite unobstructed sides, whereby material may be reduced by successive movements longitudinally through the space from the upper to the lower end thereof and by successive movements transversely through the space from the center to the sides and discharged by endwise and sidewise movement, and means for relatively moving the jaws toward and away from each other.

3. A crusher comprising a frame, a bottom jaw supported by the frame and having an elongated face which is inclined lengthwise, has an upper portion which is substantially flat transversely thereof and a transverse convexity extending downwardly therefrom, which increases substantially constantly in depth toward the lower end, a top jaw supported by the frame and having a crushing face extending along the crushing face of the first jaw in cooperative relation therewith, the face of said top jaw being transversely concaved so that a longitudinal groove is provided which receives the convex face of the bottom jaw in substantially constantly increasing amounts toward the lower end of the latter to define therewith a crushing space of downwardly decreasing cross-sectional area, open at its sides and lower end for the escape of crushed material, one of said jaws being pivotal about an axis extending transversely thereof, and means including a rotary drive shaft supported by said frame parallel to said axis for moving said one of said jaws toward and away from the other, said faces being so shaped lengthwise relative to eath other and the relative movement of the jaws being such that said, space is divided into a succession of superposed crushing zones of which each zone has an upper cross-sectional area between the jaw faces which in the closed position of the jaws is substantially equal to its lower cross-sectional area in the open position of the jaws, each zone having a volumetric capacity sufficient to receive all of the material reaching it from the next higher zone.

l. A crusher according to claim 3 wherein the top jaw is in th form of a roll and wherein said moving means comprises an eccentric portion on said shaft on which said roll is pivotal, the face of the bottom jaw being curved lengthwise.

5. A crusher according to claim 3 wherein said axis is fixed and is adjacent the upper end of said one of said jaws, and wherein said moving means comprises anoscillating connection between said drive shaft and the.lower portion of said one of said jaws.

of said top jaw being transversely'concaved so that a longitudinal groove is provided which reoe'ives the convex faceof the bottom jaw to define therewith a crushing space which tapers and decreases in cross-sectional area from its upper to its .lower end said space *being open'at "its sides and lower end "for the lateral and endwise escape of crushed material, one of said jaws being -pivotal'ahout an axis extending transversely thereof, and means for moving said one of said jaws toward and away from the other,

1. A crusher according to claim 6 wherein the concavity of said groove is uniform throughout and the convexity of the bottom jaw face at its lower extremity approaches the transverse contour of said groove.

8.;A-crusher according to claim 6 wherein the convexity of the bottom jaw face is substantially constant in vertical sections parallel to said axis.

9. A crushera'ccording to claim 6 wherein the concavity of said groove uniform throughout and the convexity of the bottom jaw face at its flower extremity approaches the transverse contour of said-groove, and wherein the convexity of -th'e' bot'tom face is substantially constant in vertical sections parallel to said axis.

-A crusher comprising a frame, a-horizontal rotary drive sha'ft supported by the frame and having an intermediate eccentric portion, a jaw in the '-'form of a roll rot'ataoly 'mountedon said eccentric portion, said'jaw having a face provided with a transversely concave peripheral groove, 2. y,

fixed jaw supported. by the frame and having a curved face extendin downwardly along and under a lower portion of the first jaw face, said 'curve'd'fac'e having a transverse convexitywhich increases downwardly in depth and increasingly:

' tially "constant invertica'l sections parallel to said axis.

1 3. 2A crusher according "to claim 10 wherein the concavity of said groove is uniform throughout and the convexity ofthe fixed jaw face at "its lower extremity approaches the transverse contour of said groove and'wherein "the'convexity of the fixed jaw face is substantially constant in vertical sections parallel to said axis.

14. A crushercomprising a frame, a horizontal rotary drive shaft supported by said frame and havin an intermediate eccentric portion, 'a .roll rotatably mounted on said "eccentric portion and "having Ia plurality of peripheral :grooves constituting jaw faces of concave section and a fixed ljaw supported by th'e'frame and having a pinrality of curved facesfin spaced apart side by :side

relation, each of said curvedfaces having 'attran'sverse convexity "which increases downwardly in depth and extends into one ofsaidgrooves to definetherew'ith a crushingspace which tapers from its upper toits lower end and is open at its sides and lower end for the escape of crushedmaterial. 15., A crusher according to claim .14 wherein the concavity of each ofsaid grooves is uniform throughout-and the convexity or eachfixed :jaw .iace at the lower extremity thereof approaches .Ithe transverse. contour of its associated groove. v16. .A crusher according to claim 15 wherein ill) the convexity of each fixed jaw "face is substantially constant in vertical planes parallel to the shaft axis.

17. A crusher according to claim 14 wherein the concavity of each of said grooves is uniform throughout and the convexity of each fixed jaw face at the lower extremity thereof approaches the transverse contour of its associated groove, and wherein the convexity o'f'eachfixed jaw face is substantially constantinvertical planes parallel to the shaft axis.

18. A crusher comprising a jaw having a face which is lengthwise convex on a vertical arc and which is transversely concaved to provide a groove, saidiace being disposed so as to incline downwardly toward the horizontal, a second jaw having face which is lengthwise concave and extends downwardly along and under the first face, said second face having a transverse convexity which increases downwardly "in depth and extends into said groove, .said convexity having a lengthwise crest curved *on an'arc whose center isah'ovethe c'enter'of the first arc, said faces'dedoing a downwardly tapering crushing space which isopen at its sides-and lower end for the escape of crushed material, and means for closin and opening the jaws.

19. A crusher according to claim 1 8' wherein the second jaw face extends downwardly substantially from the vertical to the horizontal.

20. A crusher according to claim 18 wherein the "convexity of the second ja-w 'face is substantially constant in transverse vertical sections.

21. A crusher according to claim 18 wherein the second jaw face extends downwardly substantially from the vertical to the horizontal and wherein the convexity of saidse-cond jaw face is substantially constant in transverse vertical sections.

22. A crusher comprising a bottom jaw having *a. .face which. curves lengthwise downwardly from substantially the vertical at its upper end toward the horizontal and which has an upper portion which is transversely substantially flat and a transverse convexity merging therewith which in creases downwardly in depth while remaining at constant width, and a top jaw having a curved face provided with a groove which increasingly receives said convexity downwardly so that the faces define a downwardly tapering crushing space which diminishes downwardly in cross-sectional area and is open and unobstructed at its sides and lower end for the lateral and endwise escape of crushed material, the downwardly .steepening transverse angle of the convexity act ing to provide lateral discharge and to compensate for-the loss of lengthwise steepness as the bottom jaw face curves toward the horizontal, and means-for closingand opening the jaws.

23. A crusher according to claim 22 wherein the top jaw face and the base of the convexity areonarcs having closely adjacent centers, and wherein the-crest of the convexity is on an arc whose center is above the centers of the first arcs.

.24. A crusher comprising a bottom jaw having a rface which curves lengthwise downwardly to ward the horizontal and which has a transverse convexity defined by transversely inclined sides 'of downwardly increasing steepness and which convexity increases -.downwardly in cleptl:.=. while ..1:emaining at constant width, and a top jaw having a curved face provided with a groove which increasingly receives said convexity down-- wardly, with the sides thereof increasingly rappreaching the sides of the groove, so that the faces define a downwardly tapering crushing space which diminishes downwardly in crosssectional area and is open at its sides and lower end for the lateral and endwise escape of crushed material, the downwardly increasing steepness of the sides of the convexity acting to compensate for the loss of lengthwise steepness as the bottom jaw face curves toward the horizontal, and means for closing and opening the jaws, the relation of said faces and their relative movement being such that said space is divided into a succession of superposed crushing zones of which each zone has an upper dimension between said faces which in the closed position of the jaws is substantially equal to its lower dimension in the open position of the jaws, each zone having a volumetric capacity sufficient to receive all of the material reaching it from the next higher zone.

25. A crusher comprising top and bottom jaws having faces which curve downwardly toward the horizontal, the face of the bottom jaw having a transverse convexity which increases substantially constantly in depth and steepness from its upper end to its lower end and the face of the top jaw having a groove which constantly and increasingly receives said convexity downwardly, the space between the jaws being open at its sides and at its lower end for the escape of crushed material, and means for closing and opening the jaws.

26. A crusher as in claim 25, characterized in that the relation of said faces and their relative movement are such that said space is divided into a succession of superposed crushing zones of which each zone has an upper dimension between said faces which in the closed position of the jaws is substantially equal to its lower dimension in the open position of the jaws, each zone having a volumetric capacity suflicient to contain all of the material reaching it from the next higher zone.

27. A crusher comprising a frame, a rotary horizontal shaft supported by said frame, said shaft having an eccentric portion, a crushing roll rotatable on said eccentric portion, jaws supported by the frame and cooperating with the under sides of the roll at opposite sides of the vertical plane of the shaft axis, said roll having a peripheral groove and each of said jaws having a transverse convexity which increases down wardly in depth and increasingly projects into said groove, a. partition below the roll in said plane, and separate feed openings above the roll on opposite sides of said plane.

28. A crusher comprising a horizontal rotary shaft having an eccentric portion, a roll rotatably mounted on said eccentric portion and having a face provided with an outwardly flared peripheral groove, a fixed jaw curving downwardly along and under said roll, said fixed jaw having a face in the form of a longitudinally extending rib of tapering section toward said roll, the tapering section of said rib increasing downwardly in height and sharpness, having a crest on an arc eccentric with respect to the roll and increasingly extending into said groove to define therewith a crushing space which decreases downwardly in cross-sectional area and is open at its sides for the lateral escape of crushed material.

SAMUEL W. TRAYLOR, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 297,756 Case Apr, 29, 1884 450,890 Morris Apr. 21, 1891 1,924,536 Blum Aug. 29, 1933 1,946,763 Sallwasser Feb. 13, 1934 2,097,906 Wettlaufer Nov. 2, 1937 2,122,033 Hallenbeck June 28, 1938 2,131,801 Gruender Oct. 4, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 429,473 Great Britain May 30, 1934 650,660 Germany Sept. 27, 1937 

